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Ultrasound Procedures: Steps, Techniques, and Benefits

Dr. Prof (Col) Pankaj Talwar, VSM, MD, PhD

Medical Council Registration Number: HMC-HN 16822

In the field of reproductive medicine, ultrasound is the most fundamental diagnostic tool. It allows us to visualize the uterus, ovaries, and other pelvic structures with high precision. Depending on the clinical requirement, ultrasound is performed using two primary methods:

1. TAS (Transabdominal Scan)

Requirement: The bladder should be almost full, so the patient needs to drink plenty of water before the scan.

Steps of the Procedure:

  • The patient is made to lie down on her back.
  • The abdomen is exposed, while a bedsheet covers the legs for privacy.
  • A transabdominal probe is used after applying a specialized jelly on the lower abdomen.

2. TVS (Transvaginal Scan)

Requirement: The bladder should be completely empty for a clear view.

Steps of the Procedure:

  • The patient lies down on her back with legs flexed at the knee and hip joints (lithotomy position).
  • A slim transvaginal probe, covered with a sterile sheath and jelly, is gently inserted into the vagina.
  • TVS provides a much more detailed and closer view of the pelvic organs compared to TAS.

Clinical Benefits of Fertility Ultrasound

Ultrasound helps in the comprehensive evaluation of the reproductive system to detect any underlying issues:

  • Uterus: We assess the size, shape, mobility, and position. We look for the Endometrial Thickness (ET) and use Color Doppler to predict uterine receptivity. It also helps detect fibroids, polyps, or adenomyosis.
  • Ovaries: We measure ovarian volume and the Antral Follicle Count (AFC). It helps in identifying cysts (follicular, dermoid, or endometriotic) and tumors. Color Doppler of a dominant follicle helps assess oocyte quality.
  • Fallopian Tubes: While normal tubes aren’t usually visible, conditions like Hydrosalpinx (fluid-filled tubes) are easily detected on USG.
  • Adnexa: Identifying other pelvic masses, such as pedunculated fibroids or paraovarian cysts.

Consult for Accurate Fertility Mapping

Precise diagnosis is the first step toward a successful pregnancy. Consult with Dr. Pankaj Talwar for advanced ultrasound assessment.

📍 3118, 3rd Floor, Sector 46, Near Ambedkar Chowk, Gurugram, Haryana

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Patient Education Series

Ultrasound Basics: Why It Is The Key To Your Fertility Journey

Expert Insights by By Dr. Prof (Col) Pankaj Talwar, VSM, Md, Phd, Medical Council Registration Number – HMC-HN 16822 | Updated: April 25, 2026

In the world of fertility, an ultrasound is much more than just a picture; it is a vital diagnostic window. It helps us understand your reproductive health and tailor a treatment plan specifically for you.

Why Is Ultrasound Done?

We use high-resolution imaging to identify anything that might be coming in the way of a successful pregnancy:

  • Uterus Check: Assessing size, position (Anteverted/Retroverted), and thickness of the endometrial lining.
  • Ovary Check: Looking for volume and the number of follicles.
  • Pelvic Health: Detecting infections, fluid, or pelvic tuberculosis.
  • Detecting Abnormalities: Ruling out diseases in the tubes, ovaries, or pelvis.

How Is It Done? TAS vs. TVS

Depending on your comfort and medical requirement, we use two methods:

Transabdominal Scan (TAS)

This is done with a full bladder over the abdomen. It is usually preferred for patients with vaginismus or when observing very large pelvic masses.

Transvaginal Scan (TVS)

Done with an empty bladder by inserting a small probe gently into the vagina. This is the Gold Standard for fertility as it gives a crystal-clear view of the follicles and lining.

Timing: When Should You Have A Scan?

In fertility treatments, the timing of the scan is crucial. We usually monitor on three specific days of your cycle:

  • Day 2 (D2): To check Antral Follicular Count (AFC). A normal count is 5-10 follicles in each ovary. This helps us predict how your body will respond to treatment and rules out old cysts.
  • Day 9 (D9): To look for the Endometrial Lining. We look for a “triple-layer” pattern and use color Doppler to ensure healthy blood flow for embryo receptivity.
  • Day 21 (D21): To confirm secretory changes in the lining, ensuring the environment is ready for a pregnancy.

Expert Care with Dr. Pankaj Talwar

Accurate monitoring is half the battle won. Consult with a pioneer in ART and Clinical Embryology.

📍 3118, 3rd floor, Sector 46, Near Ambedkar Chowk, Gurugram